Life on Elba was rather comfortable for Napoleon, though separated from his new wife Marie Louise of Austria, and son, Napoleon II. He managed the island as a miniature empire by establishing a small army and boosting the local economy. While the Allied countries were bickering over territory division, Napoleon escaped from Elba to challenge the newly reappointed Bourbon, Louis XVIII, who was not overwhelmingly popular in France. Napoleon was able to rally an army, charm the kings’ men and regain rule for a brief period of time. He was finally defeated at the Battle of Waterloo on June 18, 1815. This time, he was exiled to much more remote island in the South Atlantic named Saint Helena. He again essentially lived the life of a country gentleman with most comforts of home. News from Europe was sent to him, as well as numerous plots to try and rescue him. Any hope of reestablishing a Napoleonic empire in Europe or the New World died with him on May 5, 1821. The original cause was said to have been stomach cancer, but later theories of arsenic poisoning and potassium deficiency later arose. Recent medical technology proves it was in fact a cause gastric in nature.